Boeing’s new Starliner astronaut capsule has been launched from the United States in a much-delayed first test flight carrying a crew.
It is a milestone in the aerospace company’s ambitions to step up competition with SpaceX, owned by Elon Musk.
The CST-100 Starliner, with two astronauts aboard, lifted off from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida, strapped to an Atlas V rocket furnished and flown by the Boeing-Lockheed Martin joint venture United Launch Alliance (ULA).
The capsule and its crew are headed for a rendezvous with the International Space Station (ISS), two years after the Starliner completed its first test voyage to the orbital laboratory without astronauts aboard.
Docking maneuvres with crew will pose another test for Starliner, followed roughly a week later by the test of returning to Earth.
Boeing intends for Starliner to compete with SpaceX’s Crew Dragon capsule, which since 2020 has been NASA’s only vehicle for sending ISS crew members to orbit from US soil.
Last-minute issues had halted the Starliner’s first two crewed launch attempts.
A 6 May countdown was halted two hours before liftoff over three issues that required weeks of extra scrutiny.
Another atttempt last Saturday was halted with less than four minutes to go because of a glitch with a launchpad computer.
Today, the Atlas V’s engines thundered to life in flaming clouds of exhaust and coolant-water vapour as the spacecraft roared off its launch pad into the sky from Florida’s Atlantic coast.
The upper stage separated from the rocket’s lower section about four minutes into flight, followed by Starliner’s separation from the second stage.
Now on its own in space, Starliner will ascend deeper and fire its onboard thrusters to plug itself into orbit and kick off its 24-hour catch-up with the ISS.
The inaugural crew for the seven-seat Starliner includes two veteran NASA astronauts: Barry “Butch” Wilmore, 61, a retired US Navy captain and fighter pilot, and Sunita “Suni” Williams, 58, a former Navy helicopter test pilot with experience flying more than 30 different aircraft.
They have spent a combined 500 days in space over the course of two ISS missions each.
Mr Wilmore is the designated commander for the flight, with Ms Williams in the pilot seat. They are due to spend about a week at the ISS before returning to Earth.
Boeing’s first time to build an operational spacecraft
Boeing, with its commercial airplane operations rocked by a series of crises involving its 737 MAX planes, needs a win in space for its Starliner venture, already several years behind schedule and more than $1.5 billion (€1.38bn) over budget.
Two two years ago, it completed its first test voyage to ISS and back without astronauts aboard.
The longtime NASA contractor has built modules for the decades-old ISS and rockets designed to loft astronauts toward the moon.
But Boeing never before built its own operational spacecraft, a feat complicated by years of software issues, technical glitches and management shakeups on the Starliner programme.
Meanwhile, SpaceX’s Crew Dragon has become a dependable taxi to orbit for NASA.
That capsule and Starliner are among the first in a new generation of privately built spacecraft – seeded with NASA funding – designed to fly astronauts to low-Earth orbit and the moon under the US space agency’s Artemis programme.
If all goes as planned, the capsule will arrive at the ISS on Thursday and dock with the orbiting research outpost 400km above Earth.
Although Starliner is designed to fly autonomously, the crew can assume control of the spacecraft if necessary.
The test flight calls for Mr Wilmore and Ms Williams to practice manoeuvring the vehicle manually en route to the space station, where it will remain docked for at least eight days before returning to Earth.
Mr Wilmore and Ms Williams are due to join ISS’s current seven resident crew members before riding the capsule back to Earth for a parachute and airbag-assisted landing in the US desert – a first for a crewed NASA mission.
Getting Starliner to this point has been a fraught process for Boeing under its $4.2bn (€3.9bn) fixed-priced contract with NASA, which wants the redundancy of having two different US rides to the ISS, an outpost expected to retire around 2030.
Meanwhile, SpaceX’s fourth test launch of its Starship rocket system, another chapter in its quest to build a reusable satellite launcher and moon lander, is due for liftoff from Texas on Thursday.
